Islam has a few subjects that can be made in reference to repairing the
world as with the zakat. There are two types of zakat in Islam, there are zakat
fitrah and zakat maal. Zakat fitrah or zakat nufus calculated by counted per
capita is not a treasure. Zakat maal is zakat levied on property acquired or
owned by a Moeslim. Zakat maal imposed only on Muslim whose wealth exceeds
thereshold called Nisab.
Allah SWT say in Al-Qur’an
surah Al-Baqoroh ayat 43 about zakat is:
وأقيم
الصلاة وءاتوا الزكاة واركعو مع الراكعين
The function of
Zakat in Economic Social Life
Zakat has tremendous wisdom wisdom for both giving and receiving. As we
hold in common that Allah subhanahu wata `ala did not lose a law of this kind
for the people except with the benefit and for the good and benefit of mankind
either specifically or as a whole which has lessons for Muslims alone, all men
and all creatures that exist this earth. as the coming of Muhammad salallahu
`alayhi wasallah to man as rahmatan lil` alamin.
Wisdom of Zakat
Zakah is a worship that has multiple dimensions, Trasendental and horizontal. Therefore charity has a lot of meaning in human life, especially Islam. Zakat has a lot of wisdom, whether in relation to the khaliq and social relationships among people, among others:
1.
Help, support, nurture
and develop the poor the weak the material just to meet the basic needs of
life. Under these conditions they will be able to carry out his duty to Allah
Subhanahu wata `ala.
2.
Combating disease
jealousy, hatred and envy of the people around him berkehidupan self
sufficient, let alone luxury, while he himself did not have nothing and no
helping hand from their (the rich) to him.
3.
Can purify themselves
(personal) of impurities of sin, purify the soul (cultivate noble morality, be
generous and sensitive to the sense of humanity) and scrape the curmudgeonly
nature (miserly) and greedy. With so finally inner tranquility for free from the
demands of Allah Subhanahu wata `ala and social obligations will always
surround the heart.
4.
To support the
establishment of the Islamic social system that stands on the principles of:
ummatan wahidatan (race one), musawah (equality and liabilities), Muslim
brotherhood (Muslim Brotherhood) and Takaful astral conjunction `(shared
responsibility).
5.
An important element in
achieving a balance in the distribution of wealth (social distribution), and
the balance of individual responsibility in society.
6.
Zakat is a religious
Maaliyah having dimensions and socio-economic functions or equity bounty Allah
Subhanahu wata `ala and also a manifestation of social solidarity, statement of
humanity and justice, proving Islamist fraternity, brotherhood binder ummah and
the nation, as a spiritual bond between the rich with the poor and as a
separator hoarders gap between powerful groups with the weak.
7.
Realizing a prosperous
society where relationships with others sesseorang be harmony, peace and
harmony that ultimately creates a peaceful situation, spiritual and physical
safe. In such a society there would be no more worries about a revival of the
communist danger, atheists and beliefs or teachings false and misleading,
because the dimensions and multiple functions zakat problems faced capitalism
and socialism itself has been answered. ended in accordance with the promise of
Allah subhanahu wata `ala, it creates a society baldatun toyyibatun warabbun
ghafur.
Potential Zakat
Indonesia Rp 100 trillion per year
BAZNAS states continue to socialize the formation of Zakat Service Units (UPZ) to achieve the potential of a national charity which is estimated to reach Rp 100 trillion per year. According to the Chairman Didin BAZNAS Prof.DR Hafidudin, based on the study of the Asian Development Bank zakat potential Indonesia reached Rp 100 trillion per year, while zakat collected by BAZNAS still very small. In 2007, funds raised by BAZNAS reached Rp 450 billion, in 2008 increased to Rp 920 billion and in 2009 it grew to Rp 1.2 trillion. For the year 2010 with a variety of outreach programs, BAZNAS can raise Rp 1.5 trillion. BAZNAS have 5 programs, namely Indonesia Health, Indonesia Smart, Indonesia Caring, Indonesia and the Indonesian Prosperous Taqwa. Some zakat distribution activities with clean water infrastructure improvements in the area of Mount Kidul Jogjakarta. Programs like Healthy Indonesia established a free hospital for orphans Sunda Kelapa in Jakarta mosque. Indonesia Smart Program provides scholarships to about 15,000 students and students spread across Indonesia, including its One Family One Degree. Indonesia Prosperous include community empowerment programs in a number of areas such as Aceh and Yogyakarta. According to Didi, to optimize the implementation of zakat, is expected to involve not only state but also takes the role of private companies, including Islamic banking. With experience in managing zakat BAZNAS, according to Didier ADB will make these programs as an example for the application of zakat management in a number of countries. Meanwhile, SOE Minister Mustafa Abubakar said the zakat collection potential is still very high. For that he supports the state established the UPZ for Muslim employees. Currently only 30 of the 141 state-owned company that has been established UPZ. The amount should be increased, because it is in line with the government program empowering people and improving the national economy. According to Mustafa distribution of Zakat, and alms infaq (ZIS) through BAZNAS better targeted as recipients progress monitored each year, in addition to the ministry tested by implementing a quality management system based on ISO 90,012,008 (Daily Balance)
Zakat is the third pillar of
Islam, fasting as well as a fourth pillar of Islam. Alms and fasting, the duty
of Muslims held in the month of ramadan. There are two types of zakat in Islam,
the zakat fitrah and zakat maal. Also called the tithe or zakat zakat nufus
soul as the form of zakat calculation uses the count per person (soul), not
wealth. In addition to tithes maal is Zakat.
As the name implies, zakat maal is Zakat levied on property acquired or owned by a Muslim. Unlike the zakat fitrah, zakat al-mal imposed only on Muslim whose wealth exceeds a threshold called the nisab. Of the two types of zakat, zakat fitrah potential probably often underestimated as a great potential to move people. Amil zakat institutions that have so far, both the Agency Amil Zakat (BAZ) and the Institute Amil Zakat (LAZ) also adequately take and deliver a lot more movement in the community, whether delivered directly or amyl adhoc formation in mosques or mosque .
However, we can not ignore the potential of zakat fitrah. If managed well, tithes could be a social movement in the month of Ramadan which has considerable social effect in the community.
With a Muslim population of around 200 million people, if one soul pay 2.5 kg per kg of rice or converted rice is Rp 8 thousand, the tithes per year could reach Rp 4 trillion.
To increase the potential for the management of zakat fitrah more optimal, more effort is needed from all parties, both in terms of ijtihad fiqhiyahnya and improving the quality of human resources.
Unlike the zakat fitrah which has dimensions of the collection and distribution only in the month of Ramadan, Zakat Maal has a relatively long time, ie one year (haul). And charity is also the most widely administered by amil zakat institutions (both BAZ and LAZ).
Of the two types of zakat, Indonesia has a huge economic potential of receiving alms. Based on the results of research conducted by the MORA and BAZNAS, the figure that the potential zakat reached Rp217 trillion. But the potential is there ternyat far from the realization that can be collected. In 2011 for example, the data shows acceptance BAZNAS still revolves around Rp1, 5 trillion. Of course it's a big challenge faced by the Muslim community in general, and the institutions of zakat in particular (both BAZ and LAZ). One problem is due to the movement of Zakat has not become a national movement, as well as yet unequal education regarding zakat among the Muslim community and resource managers are less than optimal.
In addition, there is a distribution of zakat are done personally. Especially for people in rural areas or small cities, still not fully able to reach the institution / body amil zakat. Of course, this is a challenge, if all components of the integration of Muslims do so reception can be done optimally.
With optimal charity, it will become an economic power that has a significant role for the people. Moreover, today the management of zakat, are not only distributed in cash or in kind to the people, but it can be utilized in the form of productive activities for the development of human resources.
Professionalism zakat management
Zakat is not yet optimal, meaning the mission and key messages contained in the meaning of zakat can not be fulfilled. And charity is a form of social care that have the most concrete object and purpose of a broad, which helps people overcome problems existing problems in social and community life.
In the social dimension, contained a message that
the obligation to tithe because there are other people's rights in any property.
Thus, not only the wealth enjoyed by a handful of rich people, but also by the
poor-poor.
Therefore, we have a treasure zakati provide a sense of social and economic justice in society. Thus, the charity can give a boost to the social solidarity together creating social justice.
The concept of socio-economic justice is crucial attention with alignment theology (tawhid). Elan justice is the basis of the Qur'an were revealed in the Meccan period (makkiyah) who denounced the attitude of ignorance prevailing unjust society in economics with its forms and manifestations.
Indeed, the Quran has outlined a moral society is the establishment of an egalitarian and prosperous society and social justice. Therefore, the obligation of zakat is a comprehensive response to Islam, not just a response to the spiritual but also a response to socio-economic and political-and cultural and humanitarian.
Zakat can be a transformative social movements that include social care, cleaning property, goodwill share and strengthen social capital. Thus zakat can be seen as a manifestation of social monotheism.
Given the mission and values contained within the meaning of charity, it is fitting if required zakat management is good, with a good system and professional people. Additionally needed people who manage by committed and also have a powerful ability.
Charity takes care of heightened awareness as well as a commitment to advancing the public. For managing zakat not only share out of funds collected to the community.
We can learn from the model of the development of the Malaysian government zakat management. With privatization models (state-owned enterprises) was able to raise funds for the fantastic muzakki and utilized for economic development of the people. That is, the distribution of zakat able to raise welfare among mustahiq, so the number of its mustahiq was diminished.
Similarly, the government of Singapore, with a model of providence fund, able to collect social funds of the Muslim aghniya to improve the welfare of the Muslim community are lagging economy.
We need transformation and institutional strengthening fiqhiyah zakat, zakat can be optimized in order to participate in the development potential and economic resources of the people. This means that the distribution of zakat can be manifested in various forms to help the community, both in terms of economic, educational, social, religious and social.
Zakat, the alms maal, can dimanfaatkana and developed to support the sustainable productive activities in the community. Zakat is not only given in the form of cash are spent on consumption purposes, but rather more than to finance productive activities that have long-term socio-economic impacts.
In this Ramadan, the momentum for the various groups, particularly the Muslim masyatakat groups to consider the importance of zakat management in a professional manner, so that people really able to feel the results of the management of zakat. Thus, the future will be busy come zakat institutions.
خذ من أموالهم صدقة تطهرهم وتزكيهم بها و صلى عليهم, إن صلوتك سكن لهم, و الله سميع عليم
Mean: Ambillah zakat dari sebagian harta mereka, dengan zakat itu kamu membersihkan dan mensucikan mereka dan mendoalah untuk mereka. Sesungguhnya doa kamu itu (menjadi) ketenteraman jiwa bagi mereka. dan Allah Maha mendengar lagi Maha mengetahui.
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